LOGO Primitives
Command |
Short Form |
Example |
Description |
Chapter 3
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REPEAT |
REPEAT |
REPEAT 4 [FD 50 RT 90] |
Repeats a set number of times the commands listed in square brackets. |
SLOWTURTLE |
SLOWTURTLE |
SLOWTURTLE |
Slows the turtle down to the speed of 0.5. |
SETSPEED 1 |
SETSPEED 1 |
SETSPEED 1 |
Restore the turtle to his / her normal speed. (Or type a number from .1 to 1, .1 being the slowest speed, while 1 is the fastest speed.) |
SETVELOCITY |
SETVELOCITY number |
SETVELOCITY 100 |
Sets the velocity of the turtle measured in pixels per second. |
SPEED |
SPEED |
SPEED |
Reports the speed of the turtle in pixels per second. |
SETBG |
SETBG |
SETBG 2 |
Changes the background color. |
SETPC |
SETPC |
SETPC 3 |
Changes the pen color. |
Simple Color Numbers |
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0 |
Black |
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1 |
Blue |
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2 |
Green |
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3 |
Cyan |
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4 |
Red |
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5 |
Violet |
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6 |
Brown |
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7 |
Light Gray |
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8 |
Dark Gray |
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9 |
Light Blue |
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10 |
Light Green |
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11 |
Light Cyan |
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12 |
Light Red |
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13 |
Magenta |
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14 |
Yellow |
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15 |
White |
Color Constants
(and their RGB numbers) |
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WHITE |
[255 255 255] |
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BLACK |
[0 0 0] |
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DARKRED |
[128 0 0] |
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RED |
[255 0 0] |
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ORANGE |
[255 159 63] |
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YELLOW |
[255 255 0] |
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LIME |
[0 255 0] |
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CYAN |
[0 255 255] |
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DARKGREEN |
[0 128 0] |
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GREEN |
[63 191 63] |
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AQUA |
[0 128 128] |
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DARKBLUE |
[0 0 128] |
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BLUE |
[0 0 255] |
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NAVY |
[63 63 191] |
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MAGENTA |
[128 0 128] |
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PURPLE |
[255 0 255] |
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GRAY |
[128 128 128] |
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BROWNISH |
[128 128 0] |
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BROWN |
[159 95 63] |
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PINK |
[255 127 191] |
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GOLD |
[255 223 63] |
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SILVER |
[192 192 192] |
In order to use the color names, you will need a double quote before the color name. Type the color name in ALL CAPITAL letters. For example, SETPC “SILVER |
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If you wish to use the custom color numbers, enclose them in square brackets. For example, SETPC [255 0 0] sets the pen color to RED. |
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CLEARTEXT |
CT |
CT |
This command clears the text from the Listener window. |
SETWIDTH |
SETW |
SETW 10 |
This changes the width of the turtle’s “pen”. You can choose a number between 1 and 99. The default width is 1. |
SETTURTLESIZE |
SETTSIZE or SETTS |
SETTSIZE 5 or |
This changes the size of the turtle. You can choose from 0 to 50. Size 1 is the normal size. |
WIDTH |
WIDTH |
WIDTH |
Reports the width of the turtle’s pen. |
FILL |
FILL |
FILL |
1) Draw a completely closed shape 2) PU 3) Move the turtle inside that closed shape 4) PD 5) Choose your color (optional) 6) FILL |
WRAP |
WRAP |
WRAP |
This mode allows the turtle to “WRAP” around the screen. If the turtle moves off the edge of the window, it reappears at the opposite side. |
FENCE |
FENCE |
FENCE |
This command prevents the turtle from moving beyond the visible boundary of the Graphics window. |
CLEAN |
CLEAN |
CLEAN |
This clears the graphics window without moving the turtle back to the home position. |